Off grid electricity production can be broadly scaled in size into four categories as shown in this article.

Primarily, batteries deal with intermittency and inadequacy of electricity supply, the extreme case being complete lack of electricity for moving EVs

Surface irritant is a medical term describing materials that can cause directly and indirectly various pathologies. They are physical toxins and the ones of concern are mainly small structures.

The "IDTechEx Show!" Berlin, April 11-12 will have 2500+ paying delegates, 220 exhibitors and nine parallel conferences but there is a difference this year.